HISTORY

                                   Traduction approximative de l'auteur.

                                    We have an incredible opportunity. We were born to Zemmora. We are more than fellow citizens or neighbours. Let's say that we are brothers. Zemmora we ringing ears as Zemzem. Moreover, the word Zemmora is derived from the word "azemmour", which means in Tamazight, olive tree. Even a second lien, the olive tree is mentioned in the Holy Koran. This word is so melodious. At the very beginning, we called Zemmora wadi which crosses. Then it was home and he was named Zemmora named his wadi. Zemmora, an entire symphony. Whether you are in Paris, Montreal, Beijing or at the North Pole, she will live. It haunts you. You dream of it. You talk about it. As soon as you jump out of bed in the morning, you wonder how you will Zemmora. It always goes well. We need it. She did not need us. She understood. She is upset you, but you forgive. She has a big heart. Finally!

                                   The maps located at the 35° 43' 21'' north,  0° 45' 36''. Altitude: 272 meters.

                                  Located in the Dahra on the borderline between Chélif plain to the west and north, the chain of Ouarsenis to the east and the mountains of south Mascara. She was covered with dense forests of wild olive, pine, oak and lentisques. This huge forest has shrunk with the arrival of french défrichèrent that entire region to practice extensive farming.

                                    When we talk about we talk Zemmora by extension his entire region. And why is that? All its surroundings were known as places inhabited by people living in scattered tribes, themselves divided into archs.

                                     The documents show that Turkish troops were moving toward Relizane Zemmora to reduce the water and certainly the Romans who occupied the vicinity of the Mina. From the ruins water pass Ras Al Ançor to Relizane. Much of clay pipes are visible on the road to El Oued Djemaâ and Touares of Hararta. These tubes with a diameter of about ten centimeters were used for the manufacture of gallals by some people who were unaware of the importance of thing. Other documents revealed that Hararta were masters in the art of cool water. Indeed, a source, called Sidi El Ayn Harrat, providing clear, fresh and plentiful.

                                    A Zemmora and lived around the Hararta who had more or less settled around their holy Marabout Sidi Harrat. Beyond that, it is surrounded by the Ouled Rafaâ to the east, Amamra north-east, and Beni Dergoun Ouled Madani north, M'hal northwest, Ouled Sidi Yahia in the south and south-east . The last few kheïmas of Zemmora have disappeared in the late 1930's. And until today, in our douars, it is said kheïma to designate the house. The Hararta moved at the whim of raids with the Emir Abdelkader that our parents and grandparents call until today Abdelkader El Hadj (1807-1883), or simply Abdekka El Hadj, the knight of faith and those of Bouamama (1840-1908). Jihad has never been interrupted and attested by the town of Dar Benabdellah inhabited by valiant Uled Sidi Yahia. Benabdellah is none other than Mohamed Ibn Abdellah, said Boumaza. In March 1845, he preached holy war not only against the miscreants colonizers, but also against the Muslim renegades. Let Charles Henry Churchill biographer and admirer of Emir Abdelkader: whenever the French progressed, they were in front of a Boumaza. As if he had a gift of ubiquity. Note that Mohamed Ibn Abdellah has never stopped fighting the invaders french. His rebellion lasted until his death in 1895. It became intermittently from 1861. Moreover, according to Churchill, he wrote to the Emir Abdelkader, then a refugee in Morocco, inviting him to join him and resume the struggle, but the Emir rejected the offer. In the years 1850, the Emir sent his son Mahieddine in full secrecy meet Ibn Abdellah and Bennacer BENCHOHRA on the Tunisian borders. 

                                            

                                                   

                                                One of the few pictures of the Emir Abdelkader. 

                                                                        
                                     Boumaza was a follower of the sect Derkaoua, who settled on the site of the current Village Benali, a district of Zemmora, north of the station. The illegal constructions have eliminated the Chouhadas cemetery. Indeed, the majority of Zemmoreans always Derkaoua call. Who were they? The Brotherhood Derkaouia, according Kamel Bouchama in his majestic "Algeria, the land of faith and culture", was founded by Moulay Larbi Derkaoui, in the region of Fez, circa 1823. This is the doctrine of the renewed Chadhilya Tariqa. The Derkaoua are Sufis who advocate fighting wanting to impose any power by force. She has many followers in the west. According Kamel Bouchama, their influence is among Hebria in regions of Maoussa, Sidon, Frenda, Zemmora, Jebel Nador, Mostaganem, Tlemcen, where it existed, there was a time a significant amount of Zaouias, and among the Derkaoua Sidi Adda. Deppont Coppolani and wrote in 1897 that in any insurrectional movements in Algeria and Morocco, there is the hand of brotherhood Chadilya-Derkaouia. In 1954, the followers of the Zaouïa Hebria linked to Derkaoua were closely monitored by the colonial french. In addition we noted that the Sheikh of Zaouïa Hebria, was constantly in connection with the Hararta. His visits became more scarce from 1954. There were lots of friends and was very influential, despite its close supervision by the occupant french.

                                   A copy brotherhood prevailed among tribes in the region and despite the enfumades, emmurements and collective massacres. This repression that did consolidate this fraternity. And there is no evidence that these have not enfumades held in Zemmora. As recently as 1988, five ancient tombs were discovered not far from Ghar Lasfar, three kilometres east of Zemmora, going to Tiaret, in the expansion of the national highway No. 23, but no serious research was company in the identification of dead bodies, the cause of death. Maybe there other historical sites. To measure the extent of the disaster, we will deliver an excerpt of the work "Talking camps, thinking genocide" by Catherine Coquio:

                                   The existence of these "gas chambers" of fortune was revealed during the repression of the uprising in the Dahra conducted in 1845 by a young chef maraboutique early twenties nicknamed Boumaza (the man whose goat) , which s'attribuait messianic title "master of the moment." Given the difficulties to suppress the insurrection, Colonel Pélissier decided to pursue the Ouled Riah who had cut by hundreds of caves in the mountains. The corrals (bundles of wood) were placed inflamed, and systematically maintained, before the issues of the caves where some had taken refuge from the tribe. The next day, we found hundreds of corpses (men, women and children) amoncelés. There were at least five hundred victims, we even spoke a thousand deaths. Following the invitation of the government to "repudiate with horror, for the honour of France" (Montalembert) consumed this "murder with premeditation on a defenceless enemy" (prince of Borodino), Marshal Soult (Nicolas Jean de Dieu, 1769-1851), then Minister of War, was brought to "deplore" the package. At the minister who did not want to believe "that the colonel had orders to use such means," Bugeaud, who asked members of the House of Lords to indicate processes more moral allowing it to win the war, replied that he took "full responsibility for this act," because it had been prescribed to use it as "the last resort".

                                      The previous year, General Cavaignac had used the same procedure to obtain the surrender of the tribe Sbéahs. The General Canrobert gave the following story:

                                  On pétarada the entrance of the cave and there accumulation of bundles of brush. In the evening, the fire was lit. The next few Sbéahs appeared at the entrance to the cave, asking for the aman (security) our outposts. Their companions, women and children were dead.

                                   A few weeks after the affair of Ouled Riah, Colonel Saint Arnaud (1800-1854) showed as much discretion as General Cavaignac the previous year when emmura other Sbéahs .

                                   I do hermetically butcher all issues and I make a vast cemetery. The land forever cover the corpses of these fanatics. Nobody is down in the caves; person ... I do know that there is below five hundred bandits who n'égorgeront over the French. A confidential report has simply told the marshal, without poetry or terrible images.

                                    According to some survivors, the horse, excited by the deprivation of air, people were crushed to the ground, increasing the number of victims of this "vast cemetery remained closed" and where, according to an observer who wrote in 1864, "all, men, women, children, livestock, are still ". Unable smoking, Canrobert (french general, 1809-1895) also practiced in a shipment emmurement north of Dahra.

                                     As there is no wood, I entered the mouth of the cavern with stones. If I had done otherwise many of our soldiers would be unnecessarily fallen by the bullets Arabs.

                                    Of these four claims adventures of caves, only the case of Ouled Riah was "mediated". Car Bugeaud, who was an expedition, could not stop the report of colonel Pelissier that ends in the hands of the prince of Borodino. For C. A. Julien, "it is likely that the practice of enfumades-and-emmurements was more common than it would appear." It should be noted that the French army had resorted to the emmurement caves during the war from 1954 to 1962. 

                                    Who remembers the dead bodies of twenty-five Chouhada, gassed by the French troops, withdrew in the 1990's, in a cave in El Gradib. Quickly withdrawn, quickly buried quickly forgotten. Who speaks? Ah, yes! El Gradib? It was at Ouled Sidi Yahia, in the middle of the forest where it's located. 

                                   The betrayal and treachery no shortage, among others. It did not exist among Flita. At a time when the Emir, who was in Tagdemt, watched the division of Oran who rôdait in the area, the French attacked his Smala who camped between Taguine (east of Tissemsilt) and Jebel Amour (Aflou). It is disloqua and part of the treasure was found in the hands of Ibn Ismail who tried to transport it to its masters in Oran. The Flitas t'attendent, traitor. Try to spend. It will be rasera moustache if you spend, as they swore before and when moustache had its value. Recall that Smala counted no fewer than 60,000 people and had its schools, libraries, workshops, etc. ... Let Charles Henry Churchill: the most ardent in the pursuit was Ibn Mustapha Ismail, who throughout the war had given the malicious zeal with which he had always encouraged and guided movements against the French leader that exceptional low jealousy grew at the counter and serve. As he crossed the region Flita, he was shot and beheaded (by Hararta between Zemmora and Sidi Harrat, exactly Hammam Ech-Chorfa, where the current Muslim communal cemetery. Place today s call "El Âbada." His head was brought to Sultan. Abdelkader contempla la satisfaction with a excusable, and a scornful tone, gave the order to dispose of the dogs. Therefore what they say. But 'Emir had ordered to bury them with the utmost respect. was May 25, 1843. traitor had, during his lifetime, swore allegiance to Marshal Bertrand CLAUZEL (1772-1842) so that it " helped against Abdelkader. In 1836, Ibn Ismail, according CHURCHILL, followed by a paltry crowd of Jews, appeared before the Governor General surrounded by his staff, the damning of emphatic protests of loyalty and submission, 'citing as their savior and their benefactor. He was promoted to the rank of General. is the first Arabic-General of the French army. Others want to move to the marshal, but no trace of him in the directory marshals of France. It was quickly forgotten and placed in the dustbin of history.   

                                     To honour the memory of this traitor, the French erected a dome that Hararta could not pronounce the name of Ibn Ismail, called the monument "Ouerraïa", ie observatory. That is our dear friends that our "Ouerraïa" had a fantastic story. The tombs near the Ouerraïa and Sheikh Menaouar attest to the ferocity of the fighting.

                                   According to Churchill, in response to the call for Jihad launched by the Emir Abdelkader, Mustapha ibn Ismail, the old warrior tested, which had laundered serving as head of the Turkish Makhzen, contemptuously refused to kiss his hands, to use his own words , a boy who did not have a coat to the chin.

                                    Ibn Ismail was not the only Traitor. El Ghomari head of Beni Engad was spent on trial and shot and Bennouna, caïd of Tlemcen, fled to Morocco. And the brave Flita, n'abandonnèrent never Emir. Be aware that Flita were tough and not easy to govern. It is with sadness that the Turks imposed their taxing. And only in the second half of the nineteenth century. It took place at their head, as Caïd in 1764, Sidi Mohamed El Kabir, the former Titteri Bey, who later had the honor of liberating Oran on March 6, 1792, then occupied by the Spanish and before, in 1776 crushed the Spaniards came to occupy Algiers. While Caïd, he moved to Zemmora, then capital of Flita. Lead Flita was no mean feat. It was a great man to a great nation. As we say in our country "Terress." Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), in its majestic work "History of Berber dynasties and Muslim North Africa," they occupied the entire plateau Mindas (currently Mendes and Bièz as call our parents), near Oued Mina. Zemmora was completely razed in 1857 by an earthquake.

                                     After the defeat of the Emir in 1847, Flita is disloquèrent and especially Hararta, like many other tribes, for that matter. Over time, some Hararta took refuge in Bouguirat and Souaflia whose Traka (BENTOKIA family) who have descendants Mazagran. In Hadjadj (formerly Grove), we find the families BOUGHLIEM and BENHARRATH. In Sirat, the family HARRAT. In Fornaka, ABBASSI family. Finally, south of Chleff, Hararta. Some of them were forced into exile. On the other were exiled to New Caledonia. Revolts not stopped ever.

                                       In 1864, Si BELHADJ Lazreg, led an offensive against the bordj of Zemmora. Before the invasion, he destroyed the barracks of the settlers. He held several days. The relief came from Relizane. Lapasset, then colonel, practiced a breach in the bordj and put all its means to resume. Its artillery and sappers were military engineering of the game. This is where the lives lost our hero.

                                    Zemmora was promoted on April 18, 1888 to the status of municipality, which gives an idea of the importance which was allocated for a massive implantation of settlers who arrived in successive waves since the 1850s, twenty years after the beginning of the invasion of France. Among them, Esclapez laid up in the middle of Shaykh Bouamama uprising, which lasted from 1881 to 1904. One of them mentioned in his book "Relizane or Cayenne of Algeria" is that Sheikh Bouamama refuge in the mountains and forests of Zemmora after its raids and led them die hard.

                                    The conquest of the region Zemmora is implicitly linked to the killings of other tribes, including the Ouled Riah, quoted above, by the generals Christophe Louis JUCHAULT of LAMORICIERE Leon (1806-1865) who distinguished himself by taking Constantine and BOURJOLLY. According to documents french, LAMORICIERE in its accounts to the Governor Marshal Valée, reported that ... the battle of Zemmorah resulted in the entire population such discouragement he has contributed powerfully to its bid, the Printing is likely to be sustainable.

                                   And that peace should be done by fire and blood for the occupation of the axis Algiers and Oran-prohibiting attacks tribes mentioned above against the settlers who exploited the plains of Relizane and Oued R'hiou which will become more Inkermann later. The settlers were feeding drinking water to Zemmora. But, sadly for them, there are Hararta who did not sleep and have a single ideal: death to unbelievers enemies of Allah who kill our women and children.

                                   And so the French recounted in their writings that: << Multiplying  approaches, Auguste Monge (1866-1942), director of Ferry (currently Djemaâ El Oued, eleven miles north of Zemmora) fit into signing petitions for his friends and administered; sending telegrams and letters he received catchment sources of forest Zemmora. The work is the subject of sabotage indigenous, and defective work, reports of expert and will last fifteen years. This water is the major concern of Ferriens, Auguste Monge enterprising new approaches to this time irrigation water, from the dam at the Mina.>> Vaillants Hararta carefully screen. Nothing happening. Not a drop of water during fifteen years the settlers to Ferry. All Flita are on a war footing.

                                  The Flitas are a confederation of nineteen tribes. And those tribes have never given up. Among these tribes, we cite the four major groups:

                1- Flita M'hal; 

                2 - The Hararta of Sidi Harrat Benaissa;

                3 - El Anantra; 

                4 - The Uled Sidi Ali Benyahia.

                                The list of tribes and aârouch would be long and we do mention that the main Touafir, Mekahlia, Ouled Bouali, Beni Issaâd, Chouala, Ouled Souid, Ouled Sabeur, Amamra, Beni Dergoun, Touafir, Ouled Sidi Lazreg ...

                                All these tribes and aârouch were in the area between the river R'hiou in the east Valley Chélif north and the upper reaches of the Mina and Ouled Chérif south. 

             
                                  Some writings of former settlers want to say sweet messages discriminatory. But, thank God, we are awake. The most recent is that of a failed, which by nostalgia demeans our brothers. Who is this nostalgic for Zemmora? It is the sons of Jacob Benalal, a notary public, cunning as a fox and smart as a monkey, lame and collaborator of 2 ° office. The office information, please services of the French army. The largest machine torture experienced by mankind. Jacob was installed in the slaughter of Rabbi Benayoun. He was lying on a second office. Dan rag on his Zemmora, published in October 2000, then reissued in 2002 at his own expense, failed to write that from 1954 to 1962, Zemmora has lost more than seven hundred Chahids, some fell on the field of honour weapons hand, the other murdered by the occupying army and his henchmen as the son of Rabbi Benayoun. The missing are counted by hundreds. The Amamra, Hararta, Beni Dergoun, Touafir, Ouled Sidi Yahia, Ouled Sidi Lazreg, Beni and Isaâd Ouled Sabeur massacred by the occupation troops would plièrent ever. One day came a certain bravery 1 November 1954. The Flita Algeria gave the best for their children. The first fire is Chahid Benahmed of Amamra. Worse, the church Christian place of worship transformed into a mosque his heart, he who is of another religion. Crève, Judas. We would like to say that nobody remembers the sunny days this teacher has gone rotten transformed by the passage of time in écrivaillon victim of a return of age. Camus and Kafka twist in their graves. Indeed, we remember a provider that his father. We remember screaming that pushed our brothers under torture. No, we have not forgotten. We were not brothers, Andre Michel. Far from it. We were enemies. Be aware that these Zemmoréens denounced by his father, some were the first to break down the gates of Buchenwald in 1944. Induced mislead by amnesia, he believed that hard as iron Zemmora the cries.

                                      No, Andre Michel, the minority did not suffer and does not feel the feelings of the victims of the Algerian Muslim occupier french like those of the Holocaust. Try to aim only hate your hand. It t 'avalera, then you vomira. She has always forgiven, but never forgets. She trembles. Have you read "My death Zemmora" of Assia Djebbar, a member of the Académie Française? Zemmora was dead city soon after nightfall. Curfew in twenty-one hours. It left room for vampires that his father briefed on the day. Se he remembers corpses littering by those winter mornings, the road to the Muslim cemetery, as it moves to Sidi Harrat? We remember. Se recalls happen to these children, barefoot, fouinant in waste dumps? And these long queues of our brothers and sisters in rags begging visitation rights to a parent before the military barracks where their relatives were kidnapped and tortured before being liquidated? And now 1962. That you have short memories! 
  
                                  Zemmora suffered. Her children are patient and generous. They have always believed in better days. But wait for them does not comply. They have always demanded respect. Both die than to live under the yoke. At the slightest incartade, they take out their swords. Dr. Moulay BELHAMISSI, may Allah preserve, has looked at Flitas and says essentially on the character of Flitas: Eyewitnesses, General Division of Oran and the subdivision of Mostaganem, recognize their many opponents warlike qualities: Incorrigibles Flita, broken in all kinds of war and all the dangers, and yet tribe indocile penalty to heavy taxes ... Dr. M. BELHAMISSI is one of the few writers to have looked at Flita and we thank him.                                                              

                                    But who are the Hararta? First, who  is Sidi Harrat? His genealogy is no secret to anyone. He envy. And some claim possession of a secret. The majestic origins of our ancestors, we are still proud.

                                      It Muhammed Ibn Isa Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Abi El Kacim Ibn El Daoud Housseïn Ibn Ibn Ali Ibn Muhammed Ibn Moussa Ibn Abdullah Ibn Ahmed Ibn Ibn Yahia Idriss El Asghar Ibn El Idriss Akbar Ibn Abdullah Ibn El Kamel El Hassan Ibn Ali Ibn El Hassan husband Fatima Bint Muhammed, the messenger of Allah that the hi be upon him.

                                      After the death of the third Caliph Othman Ibn Affane, Ali Ibn Abi Talib succeeded him. Mouawya Ibn Abi Sofiane, Governor of Syria wanted to seize power. Ali, then governor of Hijaz and Iraq, is leading his troops against Mouawya. The war raged. The blood of Muslims is sinking. Arbitration and talks can start. Once that Ali gave its consent to arbitration and he was deposed, his supporters the left. They are called the Khaouaridj. The Kharidjisme was born. Mouawya became Caliph. Supporters of Ali, disgruntled does not disarm. They battle delivered to Ali. Tabari, in his chronicles, says they were all killed by Ali. The Kharidjites settled in North Africa and revolted against taxes imposed by the Caliph. No Kharidjite did the dogmas of Islam. The case was political-social.

                                       The Abbasid dynasty took power in 750. The Abbasids were the descendants of Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet, as the hi be upon him. The advent of this dynasty contributed to the rise of Islamic civilization, but ... Let thereafter.

                                      The troubled history of the ancestors of Sidi Harrat began in May 786 ap.JC equivalent to dhoul qiâda 169 AH. Housseïn Ibn Ali Ibn Hasan Ibn Hassan II III Hassan Ibn Ali Ibn rebelled against the Abbasid Caliph El Hadi. He took up arms to Mecca and gathers around him several members of his family, including his uncles and Idriss Yahia. Housseïn to Fekh was killed near Mecca by the troops of the Caliph Haroun Er-Rachid. Many were thrown into jails, other supporters fled. Idriss took headed for the Egypt; son Yahia, took refuge in Daylem where he will conduct another uprising. A secret supporter of the family of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb, established in Egypt, appointed Wahed El Meskine provides Idriss, horses to join the Maghreb Al-Aqsa. In the year 788 (172 of the Hegira), Idriss accompanied by Rashid Ibn El Morched Koreïchi, his brother milk, reached Oualili (Volubilis, founded by the Romans in northern Meknes), through Tlemcen and Tangier. Is'hak Ibn Muhammed Ibn Humayd, an emir of the vast tribe Awarba (Aouréba or Ouriba) took over. The dissent broke out concerning the interpretation of the Koran. Six months after his arrival, he was appointed Imam, in order to decide on religious matters. Very respected because exegete, cultivated and descendant of the Prophet, as the hi be upon him, he fît allegiance February 5 789 (4 ramadan173 of the Hegira). Upon recognition of his authority, he founded Fez. He rallied all the Berber tribes and peoples of the Maghreb-Aqsa. Recall qu'Okba Ibn Nafaâ and Moussa Ibn Nouçaïr had not converted to Islam throughout the Maghreb. The task Idriss returned to El Akbar. It converts as he could the rest of the tribes of the Maghreb. His brother Suleiman came then set in Tlemcen, in the country Zenata. Idriss marched on the tribes that had not yet embraced Islam. In 789 (173 of the Hegira), he decided to expand his kingdom and held Tlemcen whose population was composed of Ifrinides and Maghraoua. Mohamed Ibn Khazer, then master of the city is submitted to avoid bloodshed. 

                                     It convertît until it put the rest of the tribes of the Maghreb. His brother then came Souleïmane set Tlemcen, in the country of Zenata. Idriss marched on the tribes that had not yet embraced Islam. In 789 (173 of the Hegira), he decided to extend his kingdom and occupied Tlemcen whose population consisted of Ifrinides and Maghraoua. Mohamed Ibn Khazer, then master of the city is subjected to avoid bloodshed.

                                     Before continuing my story, let me put you in the ear that have become the subjects if grateful to our ancestor Idriss El Akbar. Well, the descendants of Awarba live north of Taza (eastern Morocco). Their descendants are the current Oureba Branès, Jaia, Meziat, R'Ghiwa, Setta.

                                     The Awarbas lived in Algeria today, they had headed Koceïla. Following its defeat in a battle against Zouhaïr Ibn Qaïs to Mems (west of Kérouan, Tunisia), Awarbas last fuyèrent and move toward the mountain of Zerhoune and Volubilis (Oualili).

                                    The coalition at the head of which was named Idriss El Akbar was formed by the Ghiata, Ghomara, Miknassa, Nefza, Sedrata, Zouagha, Zouaoua and Zénètes.

                                    Under the reign of the Almohad dynasty that the tribe moved northward Taza. Another group of descendants of Awarbas, Adjouka, live in Ksar El Kebir.

                                       I return to Idrissides. The Maghreb East and the Maghreb Central are still under the hegemony of the Abbasid empire. The Maghreb Al-Aqsa is independent. Haroun Er-Rachid But this did not stop and wants the shoes of the Idriss El Akbar evaders. He sent an assassin named Souleïmane Ibn Hurayz Ech-Chemakh, a freed El Mahdi father of the Abbasid ruler, for endangering the life of Idris. Ech-chemakh abusa the confidence of the king and empoisonna, leaving the young widow wife of the ruler, Kenza. Several versions are data on this event. He was buried in Oualili at 793 (175 of the Hegira). Now a holy city, leaned to the massive Zarhoune, named Moulay Idriss, was built around the tomb of the holy man (22 km north of Meknes). Every year at the end of August and early September is a great moussem organised in honour of the Prophet dudescendant that hi be upon him. 

                                         Rashid continued the assassin, reached near Oujda on the Moulouya. He brought several blows, but the killer managed to escape with one hand amputated by the sharp sword of confidant and friend of Idris. The wife of Idriss, Kenza, was seven months pregnant. The subjects of Idris, waited impatiently childbirth. Birth Does an heir? Rashid directed the affairs of state until the birth of the new sovereign. Kenza gave birth to the heir to the throne on Oct. 14 793.

                                        Idriss II imposed its sovereignty over the whole Maghreb Al-Aqsa. He formed an elite corps of more than five hundred seasoned warriors among Arabs established in the Maghreb. They helped to establish its authority and to conquer new territories. The kingdom continues to view wink.

                                        The new sovereign expands Fez. In 814 (199 of the Hegira), like his father, he went on Tlemcen. He stayed three years and rebuilt the mosque.

                                        Berbers and are subject Zenata, King removes the kharidjisme and is at the head of a kingdom stretching from Souss-Aqsa until Chélif. Haroun Er-Rachid will bite their fingers. Idriss II had twelve sons: Muhammed Abdullah, Aïssa, Idriss Ahmed, Djaâfar, Yahia, ancestor of Hararta, El Kacem, Omar Ali, Daoud and Hamza.

                                        Idriss II died in 828 (213 of the Hegira), at the age of thirty-six years. This sudden death gave rise to much speculation. Some believe that he was poisoned. Mouhammed His son succeeded him.

                                         Mouhammed, on the advice of her grandmother Kenza, broke the kingdom and placed at the head of each province one of his brothers. The brothers in infancy were not right. A Yahia, the forebear of Sidi Harrat Benaissa returned the province of Fez.

                                        The city of Fez has been further extended. The people lead a good life. Yahia is doing everything in its power to improve the lives of his subjects. Hotels, Moorish baths and markets are built. Under his reign are built two famous mosques: 857, that of Karaouiyines, Muslim university and 859, the Andalusians. Visitors flock to Spain and the Maghreb Oriental. Every Friday, he distributed thousands of dinars in alms. When he died in 859, his son succeeded him Yahia.            

                                         This Yahia upset the population. He was the first to have attracted Idrisside lightning of his subjects. Having abused his power, he was ousted by Ibn Abu Sehhel Abderrahmane El Djoudami, which becomes lord of Fez. The deposed ruler, pursued by remorse, died the same night.

                                        The reign Idrisid lasted more than one hundred and fifty years, from 789 to 948 (173 to 337 of the Hegira), marked by conquest, revolts and struggles hard to subdue. Attaqués by Zirid and Ommayades of Spain, small princes who morcelèrent the kingdom became easy prey. They lost their statements and disloquèrent. The Fatimids came at the end of this dynasty. She traveled with the soul El Kacem Ben Kennoun in 948.

Moulay Idriss, near Meknes, Morocco. We see the green dome of the tomb of the first ruler Idrisside at the center of the photo.

                                         The Idrissides scattered throughout the Maghreb and joined some Muslim Spain.

                                         The descendants of the same lineage as Hararta settled in Fez, Oualili and Djout. These are the Ouled Salem Bouali and Beni Amroun in Fez; Chorfa Djoutiyin to Oualili and Chorfa Sakalim to Djout. In Algeria, except Hararta to Zemmora, others have settled in Ain El Hout, near Tlemcen. These are the Ouled Sidi Abdellah and Ouled Amrane. A Mazagran, near Mostaganem, Benidriss.

                                        All historians agree that Idrissides, at the end of their dynasty were forgotten. There was almost no literature on them.

                                        Harrat Sidi was born around 1400 in Fez, a city founded by his ancestors. He spent his adolescence. Then it was the departure east of Morocco. A Nador and El Hoceïma, in the Rif, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, he learned the Holy Qur'an from its early youth. This region is known for its many zaouïas. The task accomplished, and it is a for children of the nobility of that time, he returned to his hometown. Then he moved to the east of Sidi H'razem, today known for its thermal waters. There, he spent nearly a quaranrtaine years of his life to teach and study grammar, finessses of Arabic and exegete (fik'h). Finally, like all his peers, which touched on Islam and the Arabic language. All scholars of his time he acknowledged his erudition. It was a very broad culture. An ocean sciences and a proverbial kindness. Its very good education were placed by his descendants of the Prophet Muhammad that the hi be upon him, of kings and princes. None spiritual science not escaped him. He learned the Holy Qur'an and transmit their knowledge to more than five hundred students. With advancing age, Sidi Mohamed Ibn Isa, devoted himself to Sufism and devotion. Prayers and implorations. The man was getting wonders.

                                        The empire of the Merinids had just dropped (1215-1465). The Portuguese occupied Ceuta, Tangier (1471), Safi, Azemmour, Mazagan and Agadir. The Spaniards conquered in 1497 Melilla qu'Idriss El Akbar had attached to his kingdom in 789.

                                        This time, the isolation was de rigueur for a Sufi. The venerable scholar took his stick and pilgrims headed eastwards. The Holy man, highly esteemed and venerated was accompanied by forty of his best students. They still need it. He crossed the plains of Oujda, Tlemcen and Oran. It exceeded Oued Mina. He arrived in El Ksiba, current Zemmora and its environs, he found himself in a beautiful country. A tranquil country where it is good to live there. The Souid (Ouled Souid), generous people, welcomed him with open arms after they had shown what he was capable of.

                                        Mosbah, a farmer of Souid was embarrassed in front of this stranger to the white beard. He harassed by questions on the region. Mosbah had the horse hitched to the cart. It was all wood. Mal moved, the earth gave a poor crop. The work was exhausting. Mosbah started in good time to finish early. The old man and his companions were thirsty. They had to quench their thirst and make their ablutions. The time of prayer and close. The fellah did not know that he had to be done and water he did point.

                                    <<- It's Oued Mina that we draw our water, and this is where we drink our animals.

                                       -- Until then, the distinguished old man was astonished.>>

                                        Oued Mina is fifteen kilometres from K'siba. The miracle happened when the holy man handed his stick to Mosbah and asked him three times hitting the ground. Exactly this stone there. But what does it all about? The fellah thought all this time has passed. He allegedly plowed several acres. But respect for the older prevails.

                                        Mosbah struck the stone. On the first shot, the water springs. No need for a second or third shot. He drew a little water, just amazed. The surprise was even greater when Mosbah returned near Sidi Mohamed and realized that the horse pulled the plow for a long time without anyone taking balanced on the crease. The alignment was perfect. Allahu Akbar! The farmer did not return. Behind the cart, pushing, instantly, the seeds he had sown. He was fascinated. Allahu Aâlam. 
   
                                       Mosbah understood, therefore, that the man who stands before him out of the ordinary. He called the holy man "Harrat" laborer. Sidi Mohamed Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Isa becomes Sidi Harrat Benaissa. Laboureur, yes it was, but by the grace of Allah without ordering the horse or touch the plough. From water flows from land without pickaxe and without puisatier. Allah chooses the best and we elected these astounding in their wonderful miracles.

                                    Sidi Harrat teach the principles of Islam and the Holy Koran. He preached unity among Muslims, brotherhood, love, solidarity and well. Grand traveller, well educated, he was convinced that all men are brothers. He taught that the person who stays at forty days Zemmora is Harrati. He died at a very advanced age. Who was his wife? Who were her children? You will as soon as we can.

                                  A white mausoleum mounted a green dome at the center and four autresblancs, smaller, currently houses the tomb of Sidi Harrat. This place, a symbol of tolerance and piety, is visited by both Zemmoréens only by people from far and wide. On Friday, packed with hundreds of visitors and holidays, thousands.

When approaching Sidi Harrat.

                                 That became the forty companions Sidi Harrat? On the heights of Sidi Harrat, stands a mountain, Sidi Rabâine Sheikhs (holy forty Masters). Here, on a beautiful plateau, setrouvent forty shelters made of stones so-called houita. A shelter among the rocks collected horseshoe, meditating t lived forty Masters. It remains to develop their history.   

                                Six centuries have passed. In 1980, during the construction of a mosque in the double wall of a wall of this sacred place the cart were discovered and the stick of Sidi Harrat. Who keeps this heritage? Allahu Aâlam.

                                 For more than six centuries, the source called Ayn Sidi Harrat has not exhausted. The fresh water springs still there in abundance.

                                His descendants, Hararta, have given so much to this land.

                                The choice of Zemmora by Sidi Harrat is certainly not fortuitous. There have gone before and after him saints and scholars. Ibn Khaldoun stayed there and writing. Sidi Taïfour, Sidi Mohamed Benkhedda, Sidi Benchaâ, Sidi Lazreg, Sidi Yahia and many other elected Allah honor this land. The Emir Abdelkader, and Sheikh Bouamama, Boumaza not fail to touch down in this land of luck. The sheikhs of the Zouïa El Hebria them are made of faithful friends.

                                Every year we celebrate this holy by holding a grand celebration to the measure of man he was. People flock from everywhere. The ceremony began with a procession of moving tolba psalmodiant verses from the Holy Koran. At the head of the parade, a knight holding the banner of the Green Hararta well deployed, bomb the torso with pride. The psalmodies continue until Dhohr prayers. Fantasias and couscous profusely added to the joy of Hararta, Ouled Souid, Amamra, Touafir, Beni Dergoun, Ouled Sidi Yahia, Ouled Sidi Lazreg and other guests from the four corners of the country. The guests from far away are taken care of by foster families. After lunch, the elders and tolba settle disputes between individuals. A next year. We will review at Sidi Lazreg, Sidi Mohamed Benkhedda, Sidi Lazreg, Sidi Yahia, Sidi Benchaâ, Sidi Taïfour, Sidi Adda near Tiaret or the zaouïa Adrar.

                                      

                                Volubilis. Can be seen sneaking across its whiteness, the holy city of Moulay Idriss.

                                Enrich your own history. Do not do it for you.